The Effect of Buteyko Breathing Method on Vital Capacity in Asthma Patients at Donorojo Public Health Center, Pacitan, East Java
Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and reversible airflow obstruction. Non-pharmacological therapies, such as the Buteyko breathing method, aim to reduce hyperventilation and improve lung function.
Objective: To examine the effect of the Buteyko breathing method on vital capacity (VC) in asthma patients at Donorojo Public Health Center, Pacitan.
Methods: A quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group study was conducted from November 20 to December 20, 2014. Using saturation sampling, 42 asthma patients were divided into an experimental group (n=21 60-min Buteyko sessions, 4x/month) and a control group (n=21). Vital capacity was measured pre- and post-intervention using spirometry and analyzed via Paired and Independent t-tests.
Results: In the experimental group, mean vital capacity significantly increased from 2,520.22 mL (SD=396.55) to 2,887.11 mL (SD=345.45) post-test (+366.88 mL, p=0.000). The control group showed no significant change (2,658.55 mL to 2,380.89 mL, p=0.157). Post-intervention independent t-test demonstrated a significant inter-group difference (t=5.03, p=0.000).
Conclusion: The Buteyko breathing method significantly improves vital capacity in asthma patients.
Asthma remains a major public health concern globally. According to WHO (2005), 2.55 million deaths were attributed to asthma, with global prevalence exceeding 300 million. In Indonesia, Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) reported an increasing trend, with East Java reaching 5.1%. Uncontrolled asthma leads to frequent hospitalizations, restricted physical activity, and reduced quality of life.
The Buteyko breathing method, developed by Dr. Konstantin Buteyko, is a non-pharmacological approach designed to correct hyperventilation through nasal and shallow breathing, thereby balancing alveolar carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and relaxing bronchial smooth muscle. This study evaluates its efficacy on lung vital capacity.
- Design & Setting: Quantitative quasi-experimental non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design conducted at Donorojo Public Health Center, Pacitan (Nov 20 - Dec 20, 2014).
- Sampling: Saturation sampling encompassing all 42 registered adult asthma patients from August 2014 records.
- Intervention: Experimental group (n=21) received 60-minute Buteyko breathing training weekly for 4 weeks. Control group (n=21) received standard care without breathing training.
- Analysis: Pre- and post-test spirometry measurements were analyzed using Paired Samples t-test and Independent Samples t-test (α=0.05).
Demographic matching confirmed female predominance in both groups (66.67%, n=14) and a primary age concentration between 40-49 years (47.61% experimental; 52.39% control). The majority had an asthma history of 6-10 years (52.39%) in the intervention cohort.
| Group | Pretest Mean (SD) | Posttest Mean (SD) | Mean Difference | p-value (Paired) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental (n=21) | 2,520.22 mL (396.55) | 2,887.11 mL (345.45) | +366.88 mL | p = 0.000 |
| Control (n=21) | 2,658.55 mL (307.08) | 2,380.89 mL (305.53) | -277.66 mL | p = 0.157 |
Asthma causes persistent airway inflammation and premature bronchial closure during expiration, resulting in air trapping and reduced vital capacity. Baseline values across all participants were markedly below expected clinical norms (baseline mean 2,520.22 mL vs. physiological predictions of ~3,100 mL for women and ~4,500 mL for men).
Following the 4-week Buteyko intervention, experimental participants achieved a statistically and clinically significant mean increase of 366.88 mL in vital capacity (p=0.000). Physiologically, Buteyko breathing mitigates hyperventilation and prevents alveolar CO2 wash-out. Maintaining optimal CO2 partial pressure relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (acting as a natural bronchodilator) and facilitates the Bohr effect, enhancing O2 release to cellular tissues and improving respiratory muscle endurance.
The Buteyko breathing method significantly enhances vital capacity in asthma patients. Healthcare providers, particularly clinical nurses, are encouraged to integrate Buteyko breathing training as a structured, non-pharmacological supportive therapy in routine asthma management programs.
Pengaruh Pemberian Metode Pernapasan Buteyko Terhadap Kapasitas Vital Paru Pada Penderita Asma di Puskesmas Donorojo Pacitan Jawa Timur
Latar Belakang: Asma merupakan penyakit inflamasi kronis saluran napas yang ditandai dengan hiperaktivitas bronkus dan obstruksi jalan napas. Terapi non-farmakologis seperti pernapasan Buteyko bertujuan mengurangi hiperventilasi dan mengoptimalkan fungsi paru.
Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian metode pernapasan Buteyko terhadap kapasitas vital paru pada penderita asma di Puskesmas Donorojo Pacitan.
Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif quasi-experimental dengan nonequivalent control group design (20 Nov - 20 Des 2014). Sampel sebanyak 42 penderita asma diambil secara sampling jenuh, dibagi menjadi kelompok eksperimen (n=21; perlakuan Buteyko 60 menit, 4x/bulan) dan kelompok kontrol (n=21). Kapasitas vital diukur dengan spirometer dan dianalisis menggunakan Paired dan Independent t-test.
Hasil: Rata-rata kapasitas vital paru kelompok eksperimen meningkat signifikan dari 2.520,22 mL (SD=396,55) menjadi 2.887,11 mL (SD=345,45) setelah intervensi (+366,88 mL, p=0,000). Kelompok kontrol tidak menunjukkan perubahan signifikan (p=0,157). Uji t independen pasca-intervensi menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antar kelompok (t=5,03; p=0,000).
Kesimpulan: Metode pernapasan Buteyko berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan kapasitas vital paru penderita asma.
Asma masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama. Data WHO (2005) mencatat 2,55 juta kematian akibat asma dengan estimasi penderita mencapai 300 juta jiwa di seluruh dunia. Berdasarkan Riskesdas, prevalensi asma di Jawa Timur mencapai 5,1%. Serangan asma yang tidak terkontrol berpotensi menurunkan kualitas hidup dan membatasi aktivitas fisik harian.
Salah satu terapi pendamping non-farmakologis adalah latihan pernapasan Buteyko. Metode ini melatih penderita untuk bernapas lebih dangkal dan lambat melalui hidung guna mencegah hiperventilasi, menyeimbangkan kadar karbon dioksida (CO2) di alveoli, dan merelaksasi otot polos bronkus.
- Desain & Tempat: Penelitian kuantitatif quasi-experimental (nonequivalent control group design) di Puskesmas Donorojo, Kabupaten Pacitan, Jawa Timur.
- Populasi & Sampel: Pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampling jenuh sebanyak 42 penderita asma terdaftar pada rekam medis Agustus 2014.
- Intervensi: Kelompok eksperimen (n=21) diberikan latihan Buteyko berdurasi 60 menit seminggu sekali selama 4 minggu. Kelompok kontrol (n=21) tanpa perlakuan Buteyko.
- Analisis Data: Data hasil pengukuran spirometer dianalisis menggunakan uji Paired Samples t-test dan Independent Samples t-test (α=0,05).
Karakteristik responden menunjukkan mayoritas berjenis kelamin perempuan (66,67%; n=14) dan berada pada rentang usia 40-49 tahun (47,61% eksperimen; 52,39% kontrol). Sebagian besar telah menderita asma selama 6-10 tahun pada kelompok perlakuan.
| Kelompok | Rata-rata Pretest (SD) | Rata-rata Posttest (SD) | Selisih Peningkatan | p-value (Paired) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eksperimen (n=21) | 2.520,22 mL (396,55) | 2.887,11 mL (345,45) | +366,88 mL | p = 0,000 |
| Kontrol (n=21) | 2.658,55 mL (307,08) | 2.380,89 mL (305,53) | -277,66 mL | p = 0,157 |
Kapasitas vital paru awal penderita asma berada di bawah rata-rata normal akibat penyempitan saluran napas dan penyumbatan udara (air trapping) saat ekspirasi. Nilai dasar responden (2.520,22 mL) tergolong rendah dibandingkan nilai prediksi normal (3.100 mL untuk wanita / 4.500 mL untuk pria).
Setelah intervensi pernapasan Buteyko selama 4 minggu, terjadi peningkatan kapasitas vital paru sebesar 366,88 mL secara signifikan (p=0,000). Secara fisiologis, metode Buteyko mencegah hilangnya CO2 akibat hiperventilasi. Kadar CO2 yang seimbang dalam alveoli memicu relaksasi otot polos saluran napas (bronkodilasi alami) serta mengoptimalkan efek Bohr untuk pelepasan oksigen ke jaringan tubuh dan meningkatkan daya tahan otot pernapasan.
Metode pernapasan Buteyko terbukti secara signifikan meningkatkan kapasitas vital paru penderita asma. Tenaga kesehatan dan perawat disarankan untuk menerapkan latihan pernapasan Buteyko sebagai salah satu intervensi mandiri keperawatan non-farmakologis bagi pasien asma.